Lacking of vitamins and mineral elements:
- Vitamin A: it is important regarding growth activation and mucous membranes. It plays a significant role against contagion and participating in the process of bone formation.
Lacking it causes: night blindness, infertility, abortion or birth of dead, weak and blind animal, dry and fissured hooves. - Vitamin D: it has a role in creating a network of protein bones, organizing and disposing the phosphate from the kidneys.
Lacking it causes: rickets that affects the bones during the process of growth, osteomalacia and defect of the skeleton. - Vitamin E: it has a role in maintaining the vitality of animal and an important one in immune processes.
Lacking it causes: muscle atrophy especially the chest and legs, respiratory disorders, animal spasm and unnatural stand.
4. Vitamin K: it has a role in blood clotting and an important one in composing
proteins inside the bones.
Lacking it causes: bleeding of wounds and scratches and may last till the animal dies.
5. Vitamin B1 -Thiamin: it has a role in representing sugars.
Lacking it causes: loss of appetite, skinniness, muscular weakness and muscular disorders.
6. Vitamin B2 – Riboflavin: it is an important factor for growth, regulating body temperature and essential for the eye.
Lacking it causes: growth retardation, vision disorders and anemia.
7. Vitamin PP – Nicotine or Niacin:
Lacking it causes: dry skin, loss of appetite, diarrhea, neurological and psychological symptoms, stomatitis and inflammation of the upper part of the esophagus.
8. Vitamin B6: it has a role in moving the glycogen of the liver.
Lacking it causes: growth retardation and various neurological disorders.
9. Pantothenic Acid:
Lacking it causes: dermatitis especially around the eye and anus, anti-dermatitis.
10. Biotin H2: it is important for growth.
Lacking it causes: deterioration of growth and weight, dermatitis of the bottom of foot especially the hooves, metabolic disease named fatty liver and kidney disease.
11. Folic Acid: it has a relation in metabolism of amino acids and it prevents anemia cases.
Lacking it causes growth weakness.
12. Vitamin B12: it has a role in proteins formation, growth process and nerves strengthening.
Lacking it causes deterioration of growth.
13. Cholin: it is important to prevent the slippage of muscular ligaments.
Lacking it causes deterioration of growth.
14. Vitamin C: it is a general tonic for many glands.
Lacking it causes lowering of animal’s immunity.
Mineral Elements:
- Calcium: lacking it causes: rickets, lameness, bones deformation, swelling of the joints, osteomalacia and the bones become easy to break. It has a role in cells growth.
- Phosphor: lacking it causes: rickets, poor appetite, muscular weakness, hardness of the joints, low fertility, growth retardation of the young animals and weight loss of the adult ones.
- Potassium: it has a role in organizing the osmotic pressure of body fluids and tonic for the myocardial.
Lacking it causes: severe strain, fibrillation that leads to death and muscular weakness. - Sodium: lacking it causes: growth retardation, decrease in the consumption of energy and protein, sexual activity weakness, decrease in the size of body fluids, weakness in the efficiency of cardiac, decrease in blood pressure, disorders of the adrenal function which cause shock and then death.
- Chlorine: lacking it leads to neurological disorders.
- Magnesium: lacking it causes: nervous horse, fibrillation, spasm of facial muscles which leads to animal stiffness and then death as a result of full spasm.
- Iron: lacking it causes anemia.
- Copper: lacking it causes: anemia, disorders of the growth and musculoskeletal system, digestive disorders, various injuries in the brain and spinal cord. It is necessary to format blood cells.
- Manganese: lacking it causes: growth weakness, quadrupeds deformation and repeated abortions.
- Zinc: lacking it causes growth weakness and slowness of hair formation.
- Cobalt: lacking it causes emaciation and anemia.
- Iodine: lacking it causes goiter.
- Fluoride: lacking it causes dental erosion and reduced appetite which leads to growth weakness.